Perkin Warbeck appeared in 1491 claiming to be Richard of Shrewsbury, the younger prince. European monarchs including Charles VIII of France, Maximilian I of the Holy Roman Empire, and James IV of Scotland gave him formal recognition and support. Henry VII spent nearly a decade and considerable diplomatic resources suppressing the claim rather than simply producing documentary proof that Richard of Shrewsbury had died in the Tower. What does Henry VII's inability or refusal to produce such proof suggest about what he actually knew — or did not know — about the circumstances of the princes' deaths?